Andrographolide is an organic substance and the main active ingredient of the natural plant Andrographis paniculata. It has the effects of dispelling heat, detoxifying, anti-inflammatory and analgesic. It has special effects on bacterial and viral upper respiratory tract infections and dysentery. It is known as a natural antibiotic drug.
▶Source: The whole plant or leaves of Andrographis Paniculata (Burm.f) Ness.
▶Alias: Andrographis B, androlactone
▶Appearance: white or brown powder
▶CAS number: 5508-58-7
▶Molecular formula: C20H30O5
▶Molecular weight: 350.449
▶Detection method: HPLC
Drugs containing andrographolide include:
Chuanhuning needle, Yanhuning needle, Lianbizhi needle, andrographolide dropping pills, andrographolide tablets, andrographolide soft capsules
Pharmacological effects
1. Anti-pathogenic microorganism effect
Both andrographolide and neoandrographolide can inhibit and delay the increase in body temperature caused by pneumococci or hemolytic B streptococci, but andrographolide has a stronger effect than neoandrographolide.
2. Antipyretic effect
Andrographolide has varying degrees of antipyretic effects on endotoxin fever, pneumococci or hemolytic streptococci in rabbits.
3. Anti-inflammatory effect
Andrographis paniculata A, B, C and D all have anti-inflammatory effects to varying degrees. Oral administration at 1g/kg can inhibit the increase in capillary permeability of the skin or abdominal cavity of mice caused by xylene or acetic acid, and reduce the effects of croton oil in Selye granulation cysts. Causes acute exudate volume, but has no significant effect on granulation tissue hyperplasia. It can inhibit the development of egg white-induced paw swelling in rats, but the effect disappears after adrenal gland removal. Dingsu has the strongest anti-inflammatory effect, followed by C, A and B.
4. Impact on the body’s immune function
Its water decoction can improve the ability of human leukocytes to phagocytose Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Oral administration of Andrographis paniculata can enhance the delayed skin hypersensitivity reaction caused by old tuberculin. Andrographis paniculata preparation Xinyandeping (containing esters and ketones) can increase the serum lysozyme level in mice and enhance the phagocytic capacity of peritoneal macrophages and neutrophils.
5. Anti-fertility effect
Some semi-synthetic derivatives of andrographolide also have varying degrees of anti-early pregnancy effects. The dehydrated andrographolide derivative - Chuan-4 has good anti-early pregnancy effects in mice and rats. It is a new contraceptive drug worthy of further research. , this drug has a significant impact on placental trophoblast cells, which can cause placental villi to shrink, reduce the number of cells, disappear syncytial cells and Langerhans cells, and cause interstitial edema and bleeding.
6. Choleretic and hepatoprotective effect
Pre-administration of andrographolide can antagonize the hepatotoxic effects caused by carbon tetrachloride, D-galactosamine and acetamidophenol, and can significantly reduce the levels of SGPT, SGOT, SALP and HTG respectively. There are reports that the methanol extract of Andrographis paniculata is toxic and can promote the death of rats with liver damage.
7. Anti-tumor effect
Dehydrated andrographolide succinate half-ester has a certain inhibitory effect on W256 transplanted tumors. Arginine double salt (orthosuccinic acid for short) is made from dehydrated andrographolide disuccinate half ester potassium hydrogen, which has an inhibitory effect on tumor cells regardless of large, medium or small doses, and the effect increases with the increase of the dose. The anti-tumor effect is reliable and stable.
8.Other functions
Andrographolide can increase adrenocortical function, and Andrographis A, B, C, and D can cause thymus atrophy in young mice at larger doses.
Article Written By: Coco Wang
Post time: Mar-05-2024