The chemical composition of Ganoderma lucidum is very complex, including the following categories:
1. Polysaccharides: More than 60 types of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and their monosaccharide compositions have been measured.
2. Amino acids: The types of amino acids in Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum are similar, but their contents are different. The amino acids they contain include aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, lysine, ornithine, proline, Alanine, glycine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, valine, leucine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, hydroxyproline, histidine, methionine, etc., and spores of Ganoderma lucidum were found There are sulfur-containing amino acids in the powder.
3. Trace elements: Organic germanium is the main active ingredient. The content of organic germanium is 4 to 6 times that of ginseng, making it a powerful immune enhancer.
4. Alkaloids: The alkaloid content in Ganoderma lucidum is low. The alkaloids we separated from Ganoderma lucidum spore powder and Ganoderma lucidum include choline, betaine, and their hydrochloride. Ganoderma lucidum Ganoderma base A (ganoine), Ganoderma base B (ganodine) and nicotinic acid.
5. Triterpenes: Triterpenoids are one of the main components of Ganoderma lucidum, many of which have physiological activity. It is reported that ganoderic acids A, B, C, and D can inhibit the release of histamine in mouse muscle cells. Ganoderic acid F has a strong inhibitory activity on angiotensinase. Ganoderma lucidum spore acid A can reduce the increase in aminotransferase in mice caused by CCl4, galactosamine and Propionibacterium.
6. Adenosine: Ganoderma adenosine is a substance with nucleoside and purine as its basic structure. It is one of the main components of Ganoderma lucidum. There are Ganoderma purine, adenine, adenine nucleoside, uracil, uracil nucleoside, etc. Adenosine has anticoagulant and depolymerizing effects.
7. Oils and fats: stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, etc.
8. Sterols: The content of sterols in Ganoderma lucidum is relatively high, and the content of ergosterol alone is about three thousandths. There are nearly 20 types of sterols isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, and their skeletons are divided into two types: ergosterols and cholesterol. To extract and separate sterol compounds, the raw materials are mostly extracted with ethanol, then extracted with diethyl ether, and then the diethyl ether solution is extracted with NaHCO3 aqueous solution to remove the acidic part, and then silica gel column chromatography is used to separate the sterol compounds. There are few reports on the physiological activities of sterol compounds. The currently known active ingredients are mainly Ganoderma triterpenoids and polysaccharides.
Post time: Jan-18-2024